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Advanced Data Access with Microsoft Visual Studio 2005
Tuning
and Optimizing Queries using Microsoft SQL Server 2005
Course 2784A: Three
days; Instructor-Led Course Syllabus
Introduction
Elements of this syllabus are subject to change.
This three-day instructor-led workshop provides database
developers working in enterprise environments using Microsoft SQL Server 2005
the knowledge and skills to evaluate and improve queries and query response
times. The workshop focuses on systematic identification and optimization of
database factors that impact query performance.
Audience
This course is intended for current professional database
developers who have three or more years of on-the-job experience developing SQL
Server database solutions in an enterprise environment.
At Course Completion
After completing this course, students will be able to:
Normalize databases.
Design a normalized database.
Optimize a database design by denormalizing.
Optimize data storage.
Manage concurrency
Manage concurrency by selecting the appropriate transaction
isolation level.
Select a locking granularity level.
Optimize and tune queries for performance.
Optimize an indexing strategy.
Decide when cursors are appropriate.
Identify and resolve performance-limiting problems.
Prerequisites
Before attending this course, students must:
·
Have working knowledge of data storage. Specifically, knowledge about row
layout, fixed length field placement and varying length field placement.
·
Be familiar with index structures and index utilization. Specifically,
they must understand the interaction between non-clustered indexes, clustered
indexes and heaps. They must know why a covering index can improve performance.
·
Have had hands-on database developer experience. Specifically, three years
of experience as a full-time database developer in an enterprise environment.
·
Be familiar with the locking model. Specifically, students should have an
understanding of lock modes, lock objects and isolation levels and be familiar
with process blocking.
·
Understand Transact-SQL syntax and programming logic. Specifically,
students should be completely fluent in advanced queries, aggregate queries,
subqueries, user-defined functions, cursors, control of flow statements, CASE
expressions, and all types of joins.
·
Be able to design a database to third normal form (3NF) and know the trade
offs when backing out of the fully normalized design (denormalization) and
designing for performance and business requirements in addition to being
familiar with design models, such as Star and Snowflake schemas.
·
Have strong monitoring and troubleshooting skills, including using
monitoring tools.
·
Have basic knowledge of the operating system and platform. That is, how
the operating system integrates with the database, what the platform or
operating system can do, and how interaction between the operating system and
the database works.
·
Have basic knowledge of application architecture. That is, how
applications can be designed in three layers, what applications can do, how
interaction between the application and the database works, and how the
interaction between the database and the platform or operating system works.
Know how to use a data modeling tool.
Be familiar with SQL Server 2005 features, tools,
and technologies.
Have a Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist:
Microsoft SQL Server 2005 credential - or equivalent experience.
In addition, it is recommended, but not required, that
students have completed:
Course 2778, Writing Queries Using Microsoft SQL
Server 2005 Transact-SQL.
Course 2779, Implementing a Microsoft SQL Server
2005 Database.
Course 2780, Maintaining a Microsoft SQL Server
2005 Database.
Course Outline
Unit 1: Measuring
Database Performance
This unit provides students with an opportunity to measure
database performance and identify database performance bottlenecks. Students
will use a sample script to identify performance and concurrency problems,
capture baseline performance, and prioritize identified problems for
optimization.
Topics
Importance of Benchmarking
Key Measures for Query Performance: Sysmon
Key Measures for Query Performance: Profiler
Guidelines for Identifying Locking and Blocking
Lab: Measuring
Database Performance
Reviewing Tables and Scripts
Determining Performance Baselines
Prioritizing Identified Problems
After completing this unit, students will be able to:
Describe best practices for measuring performance.
Describe the key Sysmon counters for problem
identification.
Describe the key Profiler trace events for problem
identification.
Select best methods for identifying which
procedures are causing locking and blocking.
Review database tables and scripts.
Use a script to identify performance and
concurrency problems.
Capture baseline performance.
Prioritize identified problems.
Unit 2: Optimizing
Physical Database Design
In this unit, students work with strategies for optimizing
physical database design. Students will optimize a database schema using
normalization, generalization, and denormalization.
Topics
Performance Optimization Model
Schema Optimization Strategy: Keys
Schema Optimization Strategy: Responsible
Denormalization
Schema Optimization Strategy: Generalization
Lab: Optimizing
Schemas
Optimizing Memberships
Optimizing Events
Normalizing Event Sponsorships
Denormalizing Membership Visits
Cleaning Up Schema
Adapting the Solution to the New Database Schema
Determining Performance
After completing this unit, students will be able to:
Explain the strategy for database optimization
presented in the Performance Optimization Model.
Explain the importance of schema design in
database optimization.
Describe the strategic use of natural and
surrogate keys and their roles in schema optimization.
Describe responsible denormalization and the role
of this strategy in schema optimization.
Describe generalization and the role of this
strategy in schema optimization.
Normalize a database schema for optimization.
Generalize a database schema for optimization.
Denormalize a database schema for optimization.
Clean up database schema by verifying and
adjusting data types and verifying referential integrity.
Convert data to the new schema.
Correct table and column names in queries, stored
procedures, and triggers to reconcile schema changes.
Test for performance.
Unit 3: Optimizing
Queries for Performance
In this unit students experience optimizing and tuning
queries to improve performance. In the lab, students will optimize stored
procedures, views, and non-cursor aggregate queries to improve database
performance and user experience.
Each query that is optimized improves the overall system
because the query will use fewer resources, freeing up those resources for
other queries, and reducing the amount of locking done by the query. The domino
effect is profound.
Topics
Performance Optimization Model: Queries
What Is Query Logical Flow?
Considerations for Using Subqueries
Guidelines for Building Efficient Queries
Lab: Optimizing
Queries
Optimizing and Rewriting Slow Performing Stored
Procedures
Optimizing and Rewriting Slow Performing Views
Optimizing and Rewriting Slow Performing
Non-Cursor Aggregate Queries
Determining Performance
After completing this
unit, students will be able to:
Explain the importance of set-based solutions in
database optimization.
Explain the utility of the query logical flow
diagram in query optimization.
Discuss considerations when using subqueries in
query optimization.
Describe strategies for building efficient
queries.
Rewrite stored procedures for optimization.
Rewrite views for optimization.
Rewrite non-cursor aggregate queries for
optimization.
Test queries for performance.
Unit 4: Refactoring
Cursors into Queries
In this unit, students will work with strategies for
refactoring cursors into queries. In the lab, students will work to optimize a
database by replacing slow iterative code with faster set-based code.
Topics
Performance Optimization Model: Query-Set-based
solutions
Five Steps to Building a Cursor
Strategies for Refactoring Cursors
Lab: Refactoring Cursors into Queries
Refactoring the pMembershipCategory Cursor
Refactoring the pCommunityImpact Cursor
Refactoring the pMemberInvitation Cursor
Determining Performance
After completing this unit, students will be able to:
Explain the importance of set-based solutions in
database optimization.
List five steps to building a cursor.
Describe strategies for refactoring cursors.
Refactor cursors into queries by rebuilding cursor
logic as multiple queries, user-defined function, and complex queries with
case expression.
Test queries for performance.
Unit 5: Optimizing an
Indexing Strategy
In this unit, students will work on optimizing indexing
strategies. Students will work with a given database to add and delete indexes,
by providing the optimum bridge between the query and the data without any
redundancies.
Topics
Performance Optimization Model: Indexes
Considerations for Using Indexes
Best Uses of the Clustered Index
Best Practices for Non-Clustered Index Design
How to Document an Indexing Strategy
Lab: Optimizing an
Indexing Strategy
Identifying Tables to Optimize
Designing Indexes
Determining Performance
After completing this unit, students will be able to:
Explain the importance of optimizing index
strategies in database optimization.
Explain considerations for using indexes in
database optimization.
Describe the best uses of clustered indexes as
they relate to optimization.
Describe the best practices for designing
non-clustered databases.
Explain the methodology for using an indexing
strategy worksheet.
Determine tables that need to be optimized based
on slow running code.
Design, implement, and adjust clustered and
non-clustered indexes.
Test for performance.
Unit 6: Managing
Concurrency
This unit provides students with the opportunity to work
with concurrency management. Students will look for concurrency issues and then
solve them by optimizing transactions and adjusting the transaction isolation
level.
Topics
Performance Optimization Model: Locking and
Blocking
Multimedia - "How to Use Efficient Queries to
Reduce Locking and Blocking"
Strategies to Reduce Locking and Blocking
Lab: Reducing Blocking
Identifying Code with Locking and Blocking Issues
Reducing Concurrency Issues
Determining Final Performance
After completing this unit, students will be able to:
Explain the importance of concurrency management
in database optimization.
Explain how efficient queries reduce locking and
blocking.
List strategies for reducing locking and blocking.
Identify code with locking and blocking issues.
Tighten and optimize logical transactions in code
with concurrency issues.
Adjust transaction isolation levels in code with
concurrency issues.
Test database for performance.
Determine percentage gain on database performance
from baseline.
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